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(No Model.) 5 SheetsSheet 1. W. F. MORTON. MACHINE FOR OOMPRESSING TENONS.

Patented Apr. 10, 1888. Edi

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W. P. MORTON. OOOOOOOOOOOOOO ESSING TENONS.

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SING TENONS. No. 80,727. Patented Apr. 10, 1888.

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W. F.MORTON. MACHINE FOR OOMPRESSING TBNONSI.

No. 380,727 Patented Apr. 10, 1888.

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N. Farms, PhomLiihogl-aphcr, Washi nnnnnn c NITED STATES ATENT OFFICE.

WILLIAM F. MORTON, OF NEYV HAVEN, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR OF ONE- HALF TO HOLCOMB BROTHERS & 00., OF SAME PLACE.

MACHINE FOR COMPRESSING TENONS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 380,727, dated April 10, 1888.

Application filed April 23, 1887. Serial No. 235,835. (No model.)

To aZZ whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, WILLIAM F. MoRToN, residing at New Haven, in the county of New Haven andState of Connecticut, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Machines for Compressing Tenons; and I do declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings,which form apart of this specification.

My invention relates to an improved machine for forming compressed spoke-tenons from suitable tenonblanks, the object being to produce a machine adapted to do its work without injuring the fibers of the wood and without producing a burr upon the resultant tenon, adjustable to the production of tenons of different sizes, having a. large capacity for work, and of simple, cheap, and durable construct-ion.

With these ends in view my invention consists in a machine having dies adapted to completely inclose the tench-blank from the beginning to the end of the compressing operation and to simultaneously compress it in two diametricallyopposite directions.

My invention further consists in certain de tails of construction and combinations of parts, as will be hereinafter described, and pointed out in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a view in front elevation ofa machine embodying my invention. Fig. 2 is a plan view thereof, with the operating-lever and the uprights of the press in transverse section. Fig. 3 is a view of the machine in vertical longitudinal section on the line a b of Fig. l, and looking toward the stationary edge die. Fig. 4: is an enlarged broken view in vertical transverse section on the line 0 d of Fig. 2. Fig. 5 is a detached reverse plan view of the stationary view in elevation of the movable edge die and the carrier and the spring retaining block thereof. Fig. 12 is a similar view of the carrier withthesaidedgedieremoved. Fig.13isasimilar detached view in reverse elevation of the movable edge die. Figrl i is a similardetached view of the spring thereof. Fig. 15 is a similar detached plan view of the spring-retaining block. Fig. 16 is a broken view in side elevation of a spoke having a tenon-blank. Fig.

17 is a similar edge view of the spoke and the blank. Fig. 18 is an end view of the spoke and blank. Fig. 19 is a side view of the spoke, showing the compressed tenon produced under my invention. Fig. 20 is an edge view of such spoke and tenon, and Fig. 21 is an end 6 View thereof.

My improved machine, as herein shown, is provided with side dies, A. and B, and edge dies, C and D, such dies being grouped to inclose a tenon-blank, E, gradually widening, both edgewise and flatwise, from its inner to its outer end, as shown by Figs. 16, 17, and 18 of the drawings, and compressed by the dies mentioned to form a tenon having flat sides F F, a flat face, G, and a tapering back, H, as shown by Figs. 19, 20, and 21 of the drawings.

The side die, A, is horizontally movable and normally exposes a working-surface of sufficient area to completely cover one side of any blank, such working surface being ribbed or corrugated, so as to indent that side of the blank which is in contact with it, and thus increase the capacity of the tenon for holding glue. The inner end, I, of the die is beveled to conform to the taper of the back H of the tenon. Its outer end is cutaway, as at J, (see Figs. 4, 7, and 8,) to receive the spring K, as shown. An adjustable die-block, L, also having its inner end beveled to conform to the taper of the back H of the tenon, supports the 0 said die A, the two parts being dovetailed together, (see Fig. 3,) so as to permit the die to move freely upon the die-block. Slots N N, located at the rear end of the die-block, receive the opposite ends of the spring K,which pushes 5 the die A inward, so that its beveled end normally overhangs the beveled end of the dieblock. A screw, 0, (see Fig. 4,) entering the die-block from the lower face thereof, extends into the elongated slot P, formed in the lower face of the die, and limits the sliding movement of the same.

The' stationary edge die, 0, forming the face G of the tenon, is provided with a flat working-face, Q, and with a guiding-extension, R, projecting forward and aiding in the introduction of the blanks between the dies, and forming a bearing for and thus protecting the adjacent shoulder of the two shoulders S S (see Figs. 16 to 21, inclusive) of the spoke T. A longitudinal recess, U, formed in the lower face of the die 0, adapts it to set over the die A, so as to clear the same and to rest upon the projecting edges of the dieblock L, as clearly shown by Fig. 3 of the drawings, whereby the said side die is left free to move back and forth in the recess. Also, by setting the die 0 over the die A and resting the former upon the dieblock L, the said parts are coupled together as against relative lateral displacement. The said die 0 is also provided at its outer end with a Vertical opening, V, as shown.

A clamping-block, W, provided with an extension, X, andwith an upright threaded stud, Y, which is carried by such extension, is secured to the bed Z of the press to which the invention is applied, the said extension Xentering the outer end of the recess U in the die 0, and the stud Y passing upward through the opening V (see Figs. 4 and 5) in the rear of the die. A nut, A, applied to the projecting upper end of the said stud Y, screws down upon the upper face of the die 0 and clamps the same and the die-block together, and both to the bed of the press. The described construction adapts the side die, A, the edge die, (J, and the die-block L to be vertically adjusted by means to be hereinafter described.

The movable edge die, D, forming the tapering back H of the tenon, is provided upon its inner face with an elongated horizontal slot, B, and an open recess, 0', parallel therewith, and upon its forward edge with a finger, D, forming a bearing for the adjacent shoulder of the spoke. This die is mounted for free vertical movement and at an angle conforming to the bevel of the inner ends of the die A and the die-block L upon the inner end of a carrier, E, the two parts being dovetailed together, as shown by Fig. 2 of the drawings. A spring, F, located in the recess 0 aforesaid, normally supports the die D in a position of sufficient elevation above the workingface of the die A to expose a working-face of sufficient area to completely cover one edge of any tenon-blank. A retaining'block, G, having its inner edge slotted to form the horizontal shonl-' ders H and 1, is secured by a screw, J, in a recess, K, formed in the inner end of the said carrier E, as shown by Fig. 4 of the drawings. The shoulder H of this block enters the slot 13 in the rear face of the die D, which is limited in the range of its vertical movement by the engagement of the upper and lower walls of such slot with the said shoulder, while the shoulder 1 of the said block enters the recess 0 of the die and supports thespring F in place.

The side die, B, effects the'flat'wise compression of the blank. It is adapted in the area of its working-face to cover one side of any tenon-blank, such face being ribbed or corrugated to indent the blank to increase the capacity of, the resultant tenon for retaining glue. It works against the working-face of the stationary edge die, 0, and engages with the upper edge of the movable edge die, D, which it retires against thespringF to expose the blank for flatwise compression. It is secured to the gate L of the press, whereby it is reciprocated and advanced upon the blank.

The edgewise compression of the blank is effected by the movable edge die, D, the carrier E of which is attached to a carrier, M, sliding horizontally in a groove, N, formed in the bed of the press, and attached by a link, 0, to an upright operating-lever, P, actuated by the engagement of its upper end with a cam, Q, mounted upon the shaft R of the press, the lower end of such lever being fulcrumed to a rod, S, passing horizontally through the bed of the press and through a wheel, T, by which it is adjusted back and forth to regulate and conform the throw of the carriage to the adjustment of the die-block L. A movable bed, U, supporting the said dieblock, and hence the dies A and O, is mounted transversely in' the bed of the machine and provided with an inclined under face, V, bear ing upon a similar face, W, therein, the said bed being also provided with athreaded stem, X, passing through a threaded sleeve, Y, mounted in bearings Z and turned to advance or retract the bed U by a hand-wheel, A all as shown by Figs. 2 and 3 of the drawings.

Figs. 16 to 21, inclusive, illustrate the work of the machine. The blank shown is wedgeshaped in form andgradually widens both edgewise and flatwise from its inner to its outer end. has fiat indented sides, a Hat face constituting its forward edge and a taper back constituting its rear edge. Its tendency is to resume its blank form, and this it will do in a measure after it has been driven, with the obvious re sult of locking the spoke in the hub.

Having described the machine in detail, I will now set forth its operation.

In the first place the dies are adjusted to the work to be done. For thin tenon-blanks the nut A is unscrewed and the movable bed U is retracted, whereby the die-block L and the dies A and 0 will be elevated. For thick blanks the said bed is moved forward, permitting the said die-block and dies to drop to alower level. For narrow blanks, the dieblock L, and hence the die -A, which is connected with it, are moved inward or toward the die D, and hence transversely on the movable bed, while for wide blanks the die-block and the die A are moved outward and away from the said die D. After the dies have been set, as described, the nut A is screwed down upon the die 0, whereby the die-block L and the die 0 are clamped together and to the bed The tenon formed from such blank of the press. The throw of the carriage E is then regulated so that in its forward move ment itwill advance the die D to the beveled edge of the die-block. When the dies are set ready to compress a tenon-blank, they will completely inclose it, the overhanging inner edge of the die A taking in the excess in the width of the blank over the width of the tenon to be formed from it, and the extension of the die D above the face of the die A taking in the thickness of the blank over the thickness of the said resultant tenon. When the press is operated, the die 13 descends vertically for the flatwise compression of the blank and the die D simultaneously advances horizontally for the edgewise compression thereof, the die B striking the die D and pushing the same downward to expose the blank for flatwise compression, and the die D engaging with the die A and pushing it outward to expose the blank for edgewise compression. The retirement of the dies D and A, as described, for the exposure of the blank, is effected in pace with the progression of the compression thereof, whereby the blank is perfectly confined from the beginning to the end of the operation, and so condensed without any of the strain upon its fibers which results when a blank is compressed under only partial confinement, and due to a crowding of the fibers toward the point where there is relief from pressure. Such crowding of the fibers is avoided by completely confining the blank during its compression and applying that compression in two diametrically opposite directions simultaneously.

It is obvious that with my improved ma chine no burr is produced upon the resultant tenon, which is hardened and reduced in size without in any way injuring or impairing the life of its fibers, which are compacted Without other disturbance than that of being brought into closer relations. The described capacity for adjustment adapts the machine to be set for the compression of blanks of all of the ordinary sizes. The machine may be operated with great rapidity with uniformly good results.

It is apparent that the machine may not always take the form herein shown and described, and I would therefore have it understood that I do not limit myself to such form, but hold myself at liberty to make such changes and alterations as fairly fall within the spirit and scope of my invention.

The tenon and tenon-blank described herein have been made the subject of another application, filed April 23, 1887, No. 235,836, and no claim to such tenon or tenon-blank is relinquished herein.

Having fully described my invention,what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. In a machine for forming compressed tenons, the combination, with a movable die adapted to be advanced in one direction to compress a tenon-blank and to be retired in another direction to expose such blank for compression, of dies co-operating with such movable die to completely inclose and compress the blank,snbstantially as set forth.

2. In a machine for forming compressed tenons, the combination, with a movable edge die retiring to expose the blank for flatwise compression, of a movable side die retiring to expose the blank for edgewise compression, and dies co-operating with such dies to completely inclose and to compress the blank,substantially as set forth.

3. In a machine for forming compressed tenons, the combination, with a side die and an edge die adapted to be retired in pace with the compression of a tenon-blank to expose the same for such compression, of (lies co-opcrating with such retiring dies to completely inclose the blank from the beginning to the end of the compressing operation, substantially as set forth.

4. In a machine for forming compressed tenons, the combination, with dies covering the sides and one edge of a tenon-blanlr,ofan adjustable die to cover the other edge of the blank, which is thus completeiy covered by the dies, substantially as set forth.

5. In a machine for forming compressed tenons, the combination, with dies covering the edges and one side of a tenon-blank, of an adjustable die for covering the other side of the blank, which is thus completely inclosed by the dies, substantially as set forth.

6. In a machine for forming compressed tenons,the combination, with an adjustable side die and an adjustable edge die, of dies co-operating with such dies to completely inclose and to compress a tenon blank, substantially as set forth.

7. In a machine for forming compressed tenons, the combination, with a positivelymoved edge die and a positively-moved side die, of dies cooperating therewith to completelyinclose a tenon-blank which is gradu ally exposed for compression by the retirement oftwo of the dies, substantially as set forth.

8. In a machine for forming compressed tenons, the combination, with a retiring side die and a retiring edge die, of springs for maintaining such dies in their normal positions, and one or more dies cooperating with such retiring dies to completely cover and to compress a tenon-blank, substantially as set forth.

9. In a' machine for forming compressed tenons, the combination, with a positivelymoved die, of aretiring die engaged. and retired thereby, and one or more dies co-operating with those mentioned to completely inclose and to compress a tenon-blank, substantially as set forth.

10. In amachine for forming compressed tenons, the combination, with a positivelymoved edge die, of a retiring side die engaged IZC and retired thereby, and'one or more dies cooperating with those mentioned to completely inclose and to compress a te1ion-blank,substantially as set forth.

11. In a machine for forming compressed tenons, the combination, with a positivelymoved side die, of a retiring edge die engaged and retired thereby, and one or more dies cooperating with such dies to completely inclose and to compress a tenon-blank, substantially as set forth.

12. In a machine for forming compressed tenons, the combination, with a retiring side die, of a dieblock located below the said die, which normally hangs over its inner end, and two or more dies cooperating with such die to completely cover and to compress a tenonblank, substantially as set forth.

'13. In a machine for forming compressed tenons, the combination, with a retiring side die, of an adjustable die-block located below it, means for'holding the said block in its adjustment, and two or more dies cooperating with the said die to completely cover and to compress a tenon-blank, substantially as set forth.

14. In a machine for forming compressed tenons, the combination, with a retiring side die, of a normally stationary edge die, a dieblock located below the side die and supporting the edge die to permit the free movement of the side die between them, and two or more dies cooperating with such dies to completely inclose a tenon-blank, substantially as set forth.

15. In a machine for forming compressed tenons, the combination, with a retiring side die, of a die-block located below it and two or more dies cooperating with such die to completely cover a tenon-blank, the said side die and block being'connected together for a free movement of the former upon the latter, substantially as set' forth.

16. In a machine for forming compressed tenons, the combination, with a retiring side die, of a die-block located below and co-operating with it, a spring for the die, means for limiting the movement of the die under the action of the spring, and two or more dies 00* operating with thesaid die to completely cover a tenon-blank, the said die and block being loosely dovetailed together, substantially as set forth.

17. In a machine for forming compressed tenons, the combination, with a retiring side die, of a stationary edge die having ahorizontal recess in its lower face, a clamping-block entering the outer end of such recess and carrying an upright stud passing through the said die, which is thereby clamped in place, and one or more dies cooperating with the dies mentioned in completely covering a tenonblank, substantially as set forth.

18. In a machine for forming compressed tenons, the combination, witha retiring side die having a beveled end, of a positivelymoved edge die conforming to the beveled edge of the side die, and one or more dies cooperating with such dies to completely inclose a tenon-blank, substantially as set forth.

19. In a machine for forming compressed tenons, the combination, with a retiring side die having a beveled end, of a die-block loeated below it and having its inner end bevcled to conform to the bevel of the die, aposi- Lively-moved edge die conforming to the bevel of the said die and block and cooperating with them, and one or more dies cooperating with such dies to completely inclose and compress a tenon-blank, substantially as set forth.

20. In a machine for forming compressed tenons, the combination, with a positivelymoved carrier, of a die mounted thereupon'so as to move independently of the motion it has therewith, and dies cooperating with such die to completely cover and to compress a tenonblank, substantially as set forth.

21. In a machine for forming compressed tenons, the combination, with a positivelymoved carrier, of an edge die movably mounted thereupon, a positivelymoved side die engaging with the said edge die and moving it upon the carrier independent of the motion it has therewith, and dies cooperating with such dies to completely cover and compress a tenonblank, substantially asset forth.

22. In a machine for forming compressed tenons, the combination, with a positivelymoved carrier, of a movable edge die mounted thereupon, a spring for such die, a stop for limiting the play of the die upon the carrier, and dies cooperating with such die to completely cover and to compress a tench-blank, substantially as set forth.

23. In a machine for forming compressed tenons, the combination, with a positivelymoved carrier, of a movable edge die mounted thereupon, a spring for such die, a retainingblock secured to the carrier and retaining the spring in place and limiting the movement of the die upon the carrier, and dies cooperating with such die to completelyinclose and to compress a tenon-blank, substantially as set forth.

24. In a machine for forming compressed tenons, the combination, with side and edge dies adapted to completely inclose a tenonblank and to compress the same, for which purpose one or more of the dies are retired, of a forward guiding-extension cooperating with the dies, substantially as set forth.

25. In a machine for forming compressed tenons, the combination, with a stationary edge die having a forward guiding-extension, of dies cooperating with such die in completely inclosing a tenon-blank, substantially as set forth.

26. In a machine for forming compressed tenons, the combination, with dies adapted to inclose a tcnon-blank, of bearings for supporting and protecting the parts of the blank adjacent to the parts thereof subjected to compression, substantially as set forth.

27. In a machine for forming compressed tenons, the combination, with an edge die positively moved for the edgewise compression of a tenon-blank, of means for adjusting the compressing action of such die, and dies 00- operating with the said die to completely inclose and to compress the blank, substantially as set forth.

28. In a machine for forming compressed tenons, the combination, with a retiring side die and a positively-moved side die, of means for adjusting the former die toward and away from the latter die, and dies co-operating with such dies to completely inclose and to compress a tenon-blank, substantially as set forth.

29. In a machine for forming compressed tenons, the combination, with a movable side die, of a normally stationary edge die, a movable edge die effecting the edgewise compres sion of a tenon-blank and the retirement of the movable side die to expose the blank for such compression, and a side die effecting the flat- Wise compression of the blank and the retirement of the movable edge die to expose the blank for such compression, substantially as set forth.

80. In a machine for forming compressed tenons from a tenon-blank, the combination, with a beveled movable side die, of a normally stationary edge die, a movable edge die conforming to the bevel of the side die and effecting the edgewise compression of the blank and the retirement of the movable side die to expose the blank for such compression, a side die effecting the flatwise compression of the blank and the :retirement of the movable edge die to expose the blank for such compression, and a beveled die-block located below the movable side die, substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof I have signed this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses. I

' WILLIAM F. MORTON.

Witnesses:

GEO. F. HOLCOMB, CHAS. B. SHUMWAY. 

